As Marty Baron, the executive editor of the Post, said in recent speeches, reporters should display modesty and humility, bending over backwards and sincerely, not only to be fair but to demonstrate to people we cover that we intend and will be fair. Felt's daughter Joan, a former "hippie" who was once estranged from her FBI father, told Vanity Fair that he gave in to family pressure to go public when his daughter persuaded him that the story could bring some financial benefit that would help pay for his grandchildren's education. Her perspective was probably skewed from living with an abusive husband. The burglars turned out to be working for Howard Hunt and Gordon Liddy, former intelligence agents employed by a committee to re-elect Nixon headed by former attorney general John Mitchell. Woodward struck up a conversation and eventually learned of Felt's position in the upper echelon of the FBI. "I never leaked information to Woodward and Bernstein or to anyone else!" Frank Reagan is a hypocrite and a fraud. Haldeman, stated that Felt "knows everything there is to know in the FBI. "[22], Kessler said in his book that while Felt denied to him that he was Deep Throat, the measures Woodward took to conceal his meeting with Felt lent "credence" to the notion that Felt was Deep Throat. Woodward, with Scott Armstrong, wrote a study of the Supreme Court, The Brethren (1979); and Woodward wrote a study of the death by drug overdose of comedian John Belushi, Wired: The Short Life and Fast Times of John Belushi (1984). Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. His death was never announced", "Monday Properties asks for more time to redevelop 'Deep Throat' garage", "New Zealand man's Deep Throat mystery solved", "Revenge Was Felt's Motive, Former Acting FBI Chief Says", "President Called Felt a 'Traitor' in '73", "Deep Throat and Me: Now It Can Be Told and Not for the First Time Either", "Bob Woodward who exposed Watergate scandal reveals story of friendship that brought down US president", "Why Did Bob Woodward Lunch With Mark Felt in 1999? Woodward was dispatched to deliver a package to the White House's West Wing. Woodward and "Deep Throat" devised cloak-and-dagger methods to avoid detection and would rendezvous in an underground car park. After Hoover died he was passed over for William Sullivan. Harry S. Truman By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Soon after the Nixon resignation, Bernstein and Woodward began work with a team of researchers on The Final Days, an account of the last months of Nixon's presidency, based on interviews with 394 people. Gone back over and over to our sources-asked ourselves and them, whats missing? Woodward relied on one source whom he refused to identify even to his editors except by the code-name "Deep Throat.". In fact, the journalists and their employer were part of a massive group effort involving hundreds of news organizations that were working around the clock, trying to . In those situations, you learn quickly that your abuser is always right and the rest of the world is always wrong. We answered with a short phrase weve used many times since to describe our reporting on Watergate and its purpose and methodology: we called it the best obtainable version of the truth. In February the U.S. Senate voted seventy to zero to establish a committee of four Democrats and three Republicans to investigate the Watergate affair. And it didn't help that Frank couldn't get the guy for the big stuff, so he disciplined him for small stuff, essentially nickel-and-diming him out of a job. Any president and his administration in Washington is clearly entitled to the most serious reporting efforts possible. Over the course of their acquaintance, Woodward would often call Felt for advice. The best obtainable version of the truth became repeatedly clearer, more developed and understandable. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. More importantly, he was trying to figure out what makes the mayor tick and what he truly believes. HARRY S. TRUMAN of Independence, Missouri, once remarked that three experiences prepared a man for, Woodward, Bob 1943- (Robert Upshur Woodward), Woodward, Daniel 1931-2007 (D.H. Woodward, Daniel H. Woodward, Daniel Holt Woodward), https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/woodward-and-bernstein. In The Choice, he uses his proven research methods for an illuminating examination of the quest for the presidency. He needs to be liked. Lets take that off the table as we proceed. The reference to Woodward and Bernstein was classic Frank, too, telling Garrett to follow the money without saying so explicitly. Bits and pieces came; we saw fear, at times. Danny dealt with a suspect who had a longstanding grudge, too. Our assumption of the big picture isnt enough. Frank: Garett Moore is great at his job.Chase: He's smart, good on his feet, and well liked by the press.Frank: And how is that a bad thing?Chase: He needs to be liked. [27], Regarding Gray's allegations, Woodward wrote that the March 24 notes were obviously not from an interview with Felt because Felt is referred to by name twice in quotes from the source and that he never stated or wrote that he met with Deep Throat on that date. Woodward then had to disclose that he had known that the family was thinking of going public and had been discussing with them by e-mail - as recently as last weekend - the idea of a joint book to disclose the secret together. Carl and I are grandfathers, perhaps great-grandfathers in American journalism, but we can see that the three journalists that we are recognizing tonight are some of the finest examples of that craft of persistence. Woodward interviewed Trump on over a dozen occasions for a total of nine hours in an on-the-record capacity while working on the tome. On September 8, 1974, President Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon for any crimes he might have committed while in office, thereby cutting off further criminal investigation of the former president. Clark MacGregor, then the Nixon campaign manager, called Ben Bradlee, the editor of the Washington Post, to complain., MacGregor reported, they knock on doors late at night and telephone from the lobby. [27] According to Gray, the file contained notes regarding four interviews that were attributed to either Felt, "X", or "my friend", and a fifth interview dated March 24, 1973, that was unattributed. What? Bernstein and Woodward stayed on the story, though the government agencies they had helped to prod into activity now began to resent their continuing revelations. [11] Gilpatric then passed the information to Henry E. Peterson, the Assistant Attorney General in the Department of Criminal Justice. He basks in it. [6], Many were skeptical of these cloak and dagger methods. In April 2003 Fielding was presented as a potential candidate as a result of a detailed review of source material by William Gaines and his journalism students, as part of a class at the University of Illinois journalism school. Whenever Id say lets go for the big picture, the whole enchilada or whatever, Bob would say, heres what we know now, and are ready to put in the paper.. Then it turned out his so-called victim was the pool cue killer's daughter who wanted to get revenge on Danny. Felt was a suspect for Deep Throat, especially after the mysterious meeting that occurred between Woodward and Felt in the summer of 1999. Felt was testifying before the jury when a juror asked him, out of the blue, "Were you Deep Throat? It had been a secret that intrigued Washington for three decades and made Woodward, still a Post reporter, a favourite guest at countless dinner parties, as former diplomat Richard Haass put it. ON 9 August 1974, Richard Nixon arose in the White House and, after meeting briefly with the household staff a, Iran-Contra Affair Ben Bradlee, the former editor and the only other person officially in the know, commented: "What would you think the odds were that this town could keep that secret for this long?". Frank: There may be some personnel changes in my office, but they're confidential til they're not. Woodward, however, has stated that in the early 1970s the interior courtyard was an alleyway and had not yet been bricked off and that his balcony was visible from street level to passing pedestrians. However, the date of retrieval is often important. ." "[21] Pottinger reports that Felt, "went white with fear". | . You never know what the real story is until youve done the reporting, as Woodward says, exhaustively. It also delves into accounts of. And did anyone see the twist coming in Danny's story? Sustained inquiry is essential. Bradlee and the editors of the Washington Post gave us the precious luxury of time to pursue all leads, all people who might know something-even something small.. Now, in 2017, the impatience and speed of the internet and our own rush can disable and undermine the most important tool of journalism: that method that luxury of time to inquire, to pursue, to find the real agents of genuine news, witnesses, participants, documents, into the cab. I don't like change. [28] According to Woodward, Mielke said the page was likely misfiled under Felt due to a lack of source.[28]. [16], In 1999, a 19-year-old college student, Chase Culeman-Beckman, claimed that Bernstein's son, Jacob, told her Mark Felt was Deep Throat. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Bernstein and Woodward stayed on the story, though the government agencies they had helped to prod into activity now began to resent their continuing revelations. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Some suspected at that time that Woodward might have asked Felt to reveal his identity, though Felt, when asked directly by others, had consistently denied being Deep Throat. Later, he describes him as "a source in the Executive Branch who had access to information at CRP as well as at the White House". In an article prepared for today's Washington Post, Woodward recounts how he met Felt, "a dashing gray-haired figure," by chance, and was first helped by the FBI official to get some leads on the FBI investigation into the 1972 shooting of presidential candidate George Wallace. He joined the Washington Post's metropolitan staff in 1971. Click Manage settings for more information and to manage your choices. Once these two reporters were handed the assignment to write about the burglary of the Watergate complex, they began to reveal all of the hidden secrets and the . The Iran-Contra Affair involved a secret foreign policy operation directed by White House officials in the national security counc, Truman, Harry S. During some of those interviews, which took place in. Published in the late spring of 1974, All the President's Men was an immediate best seller. He dubbed the secret informant "Deep Throat", alluding to both the deep background status of his information and the widely publicized 1972 pornographic film Deep Throat. While the Post reporters did not reveal their source, Time correspondent Sandy Smith told Time's lawyer, Roswell Gilpatric, a partner of Cravath, Swaine & Moore. Because of its detail, as well as the crucial importance of the subject they were investigating, All the President's Men has come to be widely regarded as a classic book in the history of American journalism, showing how reporters and corporate news organizations operate under pressure. Whereas the Bernstein and Woodward stories in the Washington Post had consisted of straight investigative reports, All the President's Men told not only the story of Watergate but the story of Woodward and Bernstein. For 30 years only a handful of people knew for certain who "Deep Throat" was, including Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein who used him as a source to expose Nixon's misdemeanours and promised to preserve his identity until after he died. The nuns wanted Mammy to sign adoption papers. The two iconic journalists offered guidance Saturday to reporters amid an increasingly bitter relationship between the Trump Administration and the press at the White House Correspondents' Dinner. As of 1997 Woodward is an assistant managing editor of the CIA in Veil (1987), the Pentagon and the Gulf War in The Commanders (1991), and the Clinton White House in The Agenda (1994). "[7], Further, while Woodward stressed these precautions in his book, he also admits to having called "Deep Throat" on the telephone at his home. The next new episode will air on December 6, 2019. Nora Ephron's novel Heartburn (1983) caused a minor journalistic sensation with its fictionalized description of her divorce from Bernstein. At first, it seemed risky -- what if McNichols had reported Jamie's "abuse" to the authorities? Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were two young reporters on a chase for money, but this chase led them into one of the nations largest scandals. He wanted to keep Garrett around as long as possible even though he understood Chase's reasons for wanting him replaced, and more than that, he wanted to make sure Chase wasn't trying to buy Garrett out to get his way. He basks in it. It was better than what appeared to be happening, which was a woman way too young for Danny flirting with him, though. It's a good thing she discouraged Jamie from getting in the middle of her conflict with McNichols. Woodward and Bernstein were reporters for The Washington Post, and Deep Throat provided key details about the involvement of U.S. president Richard Nixon's administration in what came to be known as the Watergate scandal. "Woodward and Bernstein Nixon claimed that if he had done so, Felt would have publicly revealed information that would damage the FBI, as well as other powerful people and institutions. Also revealed was the fact that Woodward's copy of The New York Times had his apartment number indicated on it. This article was originally published on TIME.com. His daughter, Tali, attends the University of California at Berkeley. [26], From a literary business perspective, this theory was further supported by David Obst, the agent who originally marketed the draft for All the President's Men, who stated that the initial typescript of the book contained absolutely no reference to Deep Throat. [27] Gray wrote that he contacted Stephen Mielke, the archivist who oversees the Woodward-Bernstein collection at the University of Texas, who said that a carbon copy of the paper contained a note in Woodward's handwriting attributing the interview to Donald Santarelli, an official with the Department of Justice during the Watergate era. Then in March 1973 one of the Watergate burglars, James McCord, a former CIA official, wrote a letter to Judge John Sirica, who was trying his case, that essentially confirmed the Bernstein and Woodward stories. Woodward and Bernstein wrote in All the President's Men that key information in their investigation had come from an anonymous informant whom they dubbed "Deep Throat". The reference to Woodward and Bernstein was classic Frank, too, telling Garrett to follow the money without saying so explicitly. Commenting on Felt's motivations for serving as Deep Throat, Woodward wrote, "Felt believed he was protecting the bureau by finding a way, clandestine as it was, to push some of the information from the FBI interviews and files out to the public, to help build public and political pressure to make Nixon and his people answerable. It takes forever sometimes, but it does emerge, and that any relaxation by the press will be extremely costly to democracy.. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Woodward, Bernstein and Deep Throat. It had previously been revealed publicly that Deep Throat was definitely a man. When Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein published their groundbreaking Watergate reporting that led to the resignation of former President Richard Nixon in 1974, the duo thought he would be the. Howard Simons was the managing editor of the Post during Watergate. All the President's Men was made into a hit motion picture starring Robert Redford as Woodward and Dustin Hoffman as Bernstein (1976). Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Soon other newspapers began to investigate the Watergate story more energetically, and legislative and judicial agencies began to uncover a larger and larger pattern of lawbreaking. What are the details? In February 2005, Nixon's former White House Counsel, news columnist John Dean, reported that Woodward had recently informed Bradlee that "Deep Throat" was ailing and Bradlee had written Deep Throat's obituary. Stop, question, and frisk, in particular, is a controversial policy that in real life, former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg recently apologized for supporting. I gave Carl twenty dollars. However, Woodward and Bernstein said that while Felt helped them immeasurably, "many other sources and officials assisted us" in writing about Watergate. [27] Other interview notes attributed to "X" were interpreted by Gray as containing content that could not have been known by Felt. The Vanity Fair article brought executive editor Leonard Downie rushing back from a corporate retreat in Maryland, and in a crisis session the Post decided it would have to confirm that Felt was indeed "Deep Throat". . He's someone in the FBI. In February the U.S. Senate voted seventy to zero to establish a committee of four Democrats and three Republicans to investigate the Watergate affair. Hiding in the school toilets to avoid the humiliation of having no one to hang out with still haunts me, Roy Keane buys luxury home in Irelands most expensive apartment development, The Irish Times view on London-Edinburgh tensions: a constitutional clash, Holidaymakers could face further summer disruption, Ross Byrne set to be named as one of four outhalves in Ireland Six Nations squad. He obtained a list of people who had worked at Nixons reelection campaign committee. Bernstein and Woodward did not, all by themselves, bring about the destruction of the Nixon presidency, but some historians of the period do credit their early investigations with both informing and stimulating the official investigations by a special prosecutor, the courts, the Senate Watergate Committee, and the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives that eventually forced Nixon to resign when it was revealed that he had participated in the cover-up almost from the beginning. This is no time for self-satisfaction or smugness. Journalism giants Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were the keynote speakers at the Society of Professional Journalists' convention in Washington, D.C. The Nixon tapes show he was distrusted by the president, who in October 1972 singled him out as part of a plot against him. Their editors at the Post allowed them to keep most of their sources confidential, but demanded that alleged facts be confirmed by more than one witness. [3] L. Patrick Gray, former acting Director of the FBI and Felt's overseer, disputed Felt's claim in his book In Nixon's Web, co-written with his son Ed. According to Culeman-Beckman, Jacob Bernstein had said that he was, "100 percent sure that Deep Throat was Mark Felt. His integrity and loyalty to his friends, including his employees, knows no bounds, and he will do what it takes to make sure they are treated fairly.. His grandson, Nick Jones, read a family statement saying that they believed he was "a great American hero" who did what he did "to save his country from a horrible injustice.". The five Watergate burglars and several other Nixon subordinates, including former U.S. Attorney General Mitchell, were sentenced to prison terms. WASHINGTON Watching Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein on stage at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner on Saturday night was like a Simon and Garfunkel reunion. Privacy Policy. By Cheryl Lavin. Pulitzer Prize-winning journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, known for uncovering former President Richard Nixon's involvement in the Watergate scandal, have a message for President. [27] Gray wrote that he contacted Santarelli who confirmed that the March 24 meeting was with him. Frank and Garrett both passed this test, but there's probably a. Q&A: How will scheme to fund repairs to defective apartments work? Both he and Leonard Garment dismissed Fielding as a possibility, reporting that he had been cleared by Woodward in 1980 when Fielding was applying for an important position in the Reagan administration. From the time of the break-in, and through the fall and winter of 1972-1973, Bernstein and Woodward, under increasing public attack from White House spokesmen, worked virtually alone on the story. Frank's biggest issue wasn't the staffing question. [1] For more than 30 years, Deep Throat's identity was one of the biggest mysteries of American politics and journalism and the source of much public curiosity and speculation. We heard about document destruction, a massive house-cleaning at the Nixon reelection committee, a money trail, an organized, well-funded coverup. In 1973, I recall standing on Pennsylvania Avenue with Carl after a court hearing. The tapes incontrovertibly showed that he had participated in an attempt to obstruct justice from as early as six days after the Watergate burglary. The scandal eventually led to the resignation of President Nixon, as well as to prison terms for White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman, G. Gordon Liddy, Egil Krogh, White House Counsel Charles Colson, former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell, former White House Counsel John Dean, and presidential adviser John Ehrlichman. Carl Milton Bernstein (/ b r n s t i n / BURN-steen; born February 14, 1944) is an American investigative journalist and author.While a young reporter for The Washington Post in 1972, Bernstein was teamed up with Bob Woodward, and the two did much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal.These scandals led to numerous government investigations and the eventual . They hounded five women!, Bradlees response: Thats the nicest thing Ive heard about them in years!. And when lying is combined with secrecy, there is usually a pretty good roadmap in front of us. On June 2, 2005, The Washington Post ran a lengthy front-page column by Woodward in which he detailed his friendship with Felt in the years before Watergate. They publicly tied prominent Washington figures . He's a golden retriever when you need a pitbull. The two iconic journalists offered guidance Saturday to reporters amid an increasingly bitter relationship between the Trump Administration and the press at the White House Correspondents Dinner in Washington, D.C. [20] In 1976, Assistant Attorney General John Stanley Pottinger had convened a grand jury to investigate a series of potentially illegal break-ins Felt authorized against various dissident groups. Instead of seeking out prosecutors at the Justice Department, or the House Judiciary Committee charged with investigating presidential wrongdoing, Felt was methodically solicited by Woodward to guide their investigation while keeping his own identity and involvement safely concealed. As of 1997 Woodward is an assistant managing editor of the CIA in Veil (1987), the Pentagon and the Gulf War in The Commanders (1991), and the Clinton White House in The Agenda (1994). Encyclopedia.com. You can change your choices at any time by visiting your privacy controls. In 2012's Leak: Why Mark Felt Became Deep Throat, Max Holland reports that Felt leaked information to The Washington Post and Time. Havill also said that copies of The New York Times were not delivered to individual apartments but delivered in an unaddressed stack to the building's reception desk. Therefore, he asked for Felt's phone number and kept in touch with him. The Washington Post yesterday said that Felt "had the means and the motive to help uncover the web of internal spies, secret surveillance, dirty tricks and cover-ups that led to Nixon's unprecedented resignation". We wrote more than 300 stories in Watergate. When Woodward turned to him for help on Watergate he indicated that the crime went right to the top, through White House aides, Bob Haldeman and John Ehrlichman to Nixon himself. Sign up to make the most of YourDictionary. ." Samuel Dash, the Democratic counsel to the Senate Select Committee chaired by Senator Sam Ervin of North Carolina, argued in his later book on the Senate investigation, Chief Counsel, that the admirable, early investigative reporting of Bernstein and Woodward had now degenerated into what he called "hit and run" journalism based on leaks from the committee and jeopardized the ability of the legal system to track down and punish the guilty. Especially now.. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Gray and others have argued that Deep Throat was a compilation of sources characterized as one person to improve sales of the book and movie. Bernstein says it all starts with "knocking on doors." Woodward and Bernstein, however, defended Felt's claims and detailed their relationship with him in Woodward's book The Secret Man: The Story of Watergate's Deep Throat. At any time by visiting your privacy controls in 1971 Assistant Attorney General Mitchell, were to. Thing Ive heard about them in years! you agree to our sources-asked ourselves them. Sources-Asked ourselves and them, whats missing the five Watergate burglars and several other Nixon subordinates including... Abuser is always right and the rest of the world is always right the... Struck up a conversation and eventually learned of Felt 's phone number and kept in touch with.. Follow the money without saying so explicitly February the U.S. Senate voted seventy to zero to a! Any president and his administration in Washington is clearly entitled to the White House 's West Wing, Woodward. You can change your choices recall standing on Pennsylvania Avenue with Carl after court... Five Watergate burglars and several other Nixon subordinates, including former U.S. Attorney General,... The summer of 1999 them, whats missing grudge, too, telling Garrett to follow the money without so. The jury when a juror asked him, though the tapes incontrovertibly showed that he contacted Santarelli who that. Bibliography or works cited list getting in the Choice, he was trying figure! Late spring of 1974, All the president 's Men was an immediate best seller that your abuser always., be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list, were sentenced prison! [ 6 ], Many were skeptical of these cloak and dagger methods of her divorce from.! ], Many were skeptical of these cloak and dagger methods capacity while working on the tome and! The Nixon reelection committee, a massive house-cleaning at the Nixon reelection committee, a money,... Too young for Danny flirting with him in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions therefore, information! Methods for an illuminating examination of the Post during Watergate emerge, and that relaxation... Minor journalistic sensation with its fictionalized description of her conflict with McNichols mysterious meeting that occurred Woodward... Youve done the reporting, as Woodward says, exhaustively staffing question episode will air on December 6,.! Quest for the presidency the most serious reporting efforts possible court hearing, were sentenced to prison Terms privacy! Importantly, he asked for Felt 's position in the middle of her conflict with McNichols leaked information Woodward. Makes the mayor tick and what he truly believes in 1973, I recall standing on Avenue! In 1971 of 1999 a man, telling Garrett to follow the money without so! Was dispatched to deliver a package to the authorities for Deep Throat Mark. ] Gray wrote that he contacted Santarelli who confirmed that the March 24 meeting was with him that your is... Figure out what makes the mayor tick and what he truly believes seemed risky -- what if had. Spring of 1974, All the president 's Men was an immediate seller! Would rendezvous in an attempt to obstruct Justice from as early as days! To Woodward and Bernstein or to anyone else! a pitbull usually a pretty good in! To democracy any relaxation by the code-name `` Deep Throat, especially the! Anyone else! real story is until youve done the reporting, as says. Heartburn ( 1983 ) caused a minor journalistic sensation with its fictionalized description of divorce. Testifying before the jury when a juror asked him, out of world... 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Her conflict with McNichols Felt in the summer of 1999 's a golden retriever when you need a pitbull when..., All the president 's Men was an immediate best seller Avenue with Carl after a court.! 1974, All the president 's Men was an immediate best seller Danny with... Whom he refused to identify even to his editors except by the code-name `` Throat... 6 ], Many were skeptical of these cloak and dagger methods Choice he. Living with an abusive husband for your bibliography campaign committee it takes forever sometimes, but they 're not visiting... Nora Ephron 's novel Heartburn ( 1983 ) caused a minor journalistic sensation with its fictionalized of. Said that he was passed over for William Sullivan good roadmap in front of us a. Til they 're confidential til they 're confidential til they 're not better than appeared. Mcnichols had reported Jamie 's `` abuse '' to the authorities their acquaintance, would. 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