Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. [26][28][29], On July 4, Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions". Omitir e ir al contenido principal.us. They believed that the Indians were descendants of Israelites, and proselytized among them extensively. Sunday, June 5, 2016. "[60] Some Latter Day Saints claimed that some of the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame the Mormons. [70], When the Mormons arrived on the scene, the State Militia unit was camped along Crooked River in the Bunkham's Strip just south of Caldwell County. [43] The citizens of De Witt sent non-Mormon Henry Root to appeal to Judge King and General Parks for assistance. Thomas McBride surrendered his rifle to Jacob Rogers, who shot McBride with his own gun, then mangled his body with a corn knife while he was still alive. The Mormons were evicted from Jackson County in 1833 and resettled in new counties nearby, where tensions grew again and attempts to evict them resumed. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. Having taken control of the Missourian settlements, the Mormons plundered the property and burned the stores and houses. All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City, Missouri. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. The presidency responded by urging the dissenters to leave the county, using strong words that the dissenters interpreted as threats. Lathrop wrote "I was compeled[sic] to leave my home my house was thronged with a company of armed men consisting of fourteen in number and they abusing my family in allmost[sic] every form that Creturs[sic] in the shape of human Beeings[sic] could invent. As a result of the war, nearly all Mormons in Missouri, estimated at more than ten thousand, were forced to leave the state. It's not easy to make a major change and make it stick. "[60], The Missourians evicted from their homes were no better prepared than the Mormon refugees had been. [26], The "Election Day Battle at Gallatin" was a skirmish between Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in the newly formed Daviess County, Missouri, on August 6, 1838. News of the battle quickly spread and contributed to an all-out panic in northwestern Missouri. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. [112] Other historians are convinced that Rockwell was involved in the shooting. [91] Brigham Young recounts that, once the militia was disarmed, Lucas's men were turned loose on the city: [T]hey commenced their ravages by plundering the citizens of their bedding, clothing, money, wearing apparel, and every thing of value they could lay their hands upon, and also attempting to violate the chastity of the women in sight of their husbands and friends, under the pretence of hunting for prisoners and arms. [13][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. [40][41], On July 30, citizens of Carroll County met in Carrollton to discuss the Mormon colonization of De Witt. They asked if the rumor was true and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. [4] [95], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. [31], In the speech, Rigdon declared that the Latter Day Saints would no longer be driven from their homes by persecution from without or dissension from within, and that if enemies came again to drive out the Saints, "And that mob that comes on us to disturb us, it shall be between us and them a war of extermination; for we will follow them until the last drop of their blood is spilled; or else they will have to exterminate us, for we will carry the seat of war to their own houses and their own families, and one party or the other shall be utterly destroyed"[26], The Gallatin Election Day Battle was a skirmish between Mormon and non-Mormon settlers in the newly formed Daviess County, Missouri, on August 6, 1838. After several non-Mormons made statements to the authorities that Johnson had acted as a moderating influence on the Danites, he was allowed to escape rather than stand trial. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. Finally, the Mormons who had taken up arms were to leave the state. Details; Description; Reviews; Author: Stephen C. LeSueur. John Whitmer recounts that Smith bribed the guards. [64] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. [58], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. And Subsequent Expulsion. One contemporary critic of the Mormons wrote: Mormonism is a monstrous evil; and the only place where it ever did or ever could shine, this side of the world of despair, is by the side of the Missouri mob. At that time, opponents of the Mormons used a pattern that would be repeated four times,[14] culminating in the expulsion of the Mormons from the entire state. [104], It is also believed that Smith's imprisonment had become an embarrassment, and that an escape would be convenient for Boggs and the rest of the Missouri political establishment. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. [51][52] Although he was sympathetic to the Mormons' plight, Doniphan reminded the Latter-day Saints that the Caldwell County militia could not legally enter Daviess County, and he advised Mormons traveling there to go in small parties and unarmed. [118], Joseph Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating that Boggsno longer governor, but campaigning for state senatewas attacked by an election opponent. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. ISBN-13: 9780826207296. While Mormons were viewed as deluded or worse, many Missourians agreed with the sentiment expressed in the Southern Advocate: By what color of propriety a portion of the people of the State, can organize themselves into a body, independent of the civil power, and contravene the general laws of the land by preventing the free enjoyment of the right of citizenship to another portion of the people, we are at a loss to comprehend. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the war in Missouri. Following some players' questions about this new gameplay, we have prepared this Q&A for you. On June 19, the dissenters and their families fled to neighboring counties where their complaints fanned anti-Mormon sentiment. On September 7, Smith and Lyman Wight appeared before Judge Austin A. Joseph Smith and the criminal justice system, Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri 1841, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1968, "LDS Church History: LDS History, October 14, 1838", "The Extermination Order and How it was Rescinded", Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 1920, http://ldsliving.com/story/77142-porter-rockwell-7-unbelievable-facts-and-stories-you-didnt-know, "Clarification of Boggs' 'Order' and Joseph Smith's Constitutionalism", "Mormonism. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. Lucas tried Joseph Smith Jr. and other Mormon leaders by court martial on November 1, the evening of the surrender. (jwha.info 2010) Boggs survived, but Mormons came under immediate suspicion. [1], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. Joseph Smith and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. Between August and November of 1838, the Mormons and non-Mormons of Missouri got into a pretty serious conflict. Even militia commanders such as Clark, Doniphan, and Atchison who were sympathetic to the Mormons came to see a military response as the only way to bring the situation under control.[74]. On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. Major General Samuel D. Lucas marched the state militia to Far West and laid siege to the Mormon headquarters. The Latter Day Saints were to give up their leaders for trial and to surrender all of their arms. Durante el conflicto fueron asesinadas 22 personas (3 mormones y 1 no mormn en el ro Crooked y 18 mormones en Haun's Mill). Once they were established in a county of their own, a period of relative peace ensued. The Mormon War is a name that is sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. Mormon vigilantes, including many Danites, raided two towns believed to be centers of anti-Mormon activity, burning homes and stealing goods.22 Though . [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. He surmised that the perpetrator had fired upon Boggs and lost his firearm in the night when the weapon recoiled due to its unusually large shot. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. The Mormon-Missouri War (also called the Mormon War or the Missouri War) was an armed conflict between the Latter-day Saints and other citizens of northern Missouri in the fall of 1838. The Grand Mafia. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. Once there, they swore out affidavits concerning the burning and looting in Daviess County. [47], On September 20, 1838, about one hundred fifty armed men rode into De Witt and demanded that the Mormons leave within ten days. Around 200 non-Mormons gathered in Gallatin on election day to prevent Mormons from voting. [13] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[74] [65], Local citizens were outraged by the actions of the Danites and other Mormon bands. Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. On September 7, Smith and Lyman Wight appeared before Judge Austin A King to answer the charges. Latter-day Saint Albert Perry Rockwood, writing from Far West, estimated on November 11 that about 30 Mormons had been killed. [80] which rallied the Mormons and allowed them to drive off their opponents.[36]. Overwhelmingly, these claims are contradicted by the majority of both Missourian and Latter Day Saint testimony (which implicate the Mormons in the burnings) and also by the evidence of the looted property found in the possession of Latter Day Saints. "[48], On October 1, the mob burned the home and stables of Smith Humphrey. When McBride held out a hand, Rogers cut it off with a corn knife, then may have further mangled his body while McBride was still alive. LDS Living. When the Missourian raiders approached the settlement on the afternoon of October 30, some 30 to 40 Latter Day Saint families were living or encamped there. [64] Instead of staying in the strip, Bogart passed into southern Caldwell County and began to harass Latter Day Saints, who were forcibly disarmed. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. The premeditated assault left seventeen Mormon men and boys dead and more than a dozen others wounded. They moved into a blacksmith shop, which they hoped to use as a makeshift defensive fortification. Lilburn Boggs, as a Jackson county resident, and as Lieutenant Governor, was in a position to observe and assist in executing the tactics described by one Mormon historian: In 1833 Boggs passively saw community leaders and officials sign demands for Mormon withdrawal, and next force a gunbarrel contract to abandon the county before spring plantinganti-Mormon goals were reached in a few simple stages. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. [73] Generals Atchison, Doniphon and Parks decided they needed to call out the Militia to "prevent further violence". Early Mormons and Mass Poisoning. Nearly every one was burned. [62] Based on the available evidence, LeSueur estimates that Mormons were responsible for the burning of fifty homes or shops and the displacement of one hundred non-Mormon families. [103][104] Judge Austin A King, who had been assigned the cases of the Mormons charged with offenses during the conflict, warned "If you once think to plant crops or to occupy your lands any longer than the first of April, the citizens will be upon you: they will kill you every one, men, women and children."[1]. [57] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[88]. Tensions between the members of the Latter-day Saints and neighboring settlers, who took issue with certain . However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. The skirmish is often cited as the first serious violence of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. These days, that conflict is known as the 1838 Mormon War. Coming on the heels of news from Daviess County, these reports from the mouths of dissenting Mormon leaders seemed to confirm the Missourians' worst fears. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. In 1834, Latter Day Saints attempted to effect a return to Jackson County with a quasi-military expedition known as Zion's Camp, but this effort also failed when the governor failed to provide the expected support.[15]. After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. When events in Daviess County caused Missourians to see the Mormon community as a violent threat, non-Mormon public opinion hardened in favor of a firm military response. Contents 1 Background 2 Compromise breaks down, 1838 3 Salt Sermon and Danites 4 The Election Day Battle at Gallatin 5 Mormons expelled from De Witt 6 Daviess County expedition 6.1 Marsh affidavit 7 Battle of Crooked River On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. Despite the inferior numbers of the Mormons, the Missourians scattered before them, causing both sides to think many of the Missourians had been killed. [13][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. [20], In the eyes of many non-Mormon citizens (including Alexander Doniphan),[11] these settlements outside of Caldwell County were a violation of the compromise. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. [108][109], LeSueur notes that, along with other setbacks, Boggs' mishandling of the Mormon conflict left him "politically impotent" by the end of his term.[110]. To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. General Parks arrived with the Ray County militia on October 6, but his order to disperse was ignored by the mob. Hinkle and Murdock refused, citing their right as American citizens to settle where they pleased. 1838 Mormon War Mormon dissenters from Daviess County who had fled to Livingston County reportedly told Livingston County militia under Colonel Thomas Jennings that Mormons were gathering at Haun's Mill to raid into Livingston County. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. Latter Day Saints established new colonies outside of Caldwell County, including Adam-ondi-Ahman in Daviess County and De Witt in Carroll County. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. Their economic cohesion allowed the Mormons to dominate local economies. [1][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. Samuel Bogart.jpg 526 703; 168 KB. [56], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. Those minutes were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country. Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri (which was at the time a, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 21:15. Mormon War Date August 6 - November 1, 1838 Location Northwest Missouri, United States Result Mormons stripped of property and expelled from Missouri [105], Smith and the other Mormons resettled in Nauvoo, Illinois, beginning in 1839. The refinement, the charity of our age, will not brook it.[107]. [57], Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the events of the Daviess County expedition. [57] The plundered goods were deposited in the Bishop's storehouse at Diahman. Mormon was the name of a prophet from that record who edited religious writings of people who originally came from Jerusalem at about 600 B.C. DeVoto, Bernard (2000). Download Grand Mafia Crime City Battle apk 1.0.3 for Android. ISBN-10: 0826207294. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. I will not obey your order. [99], Smith and the other Mormons resettled in Nauvoo, Illinois, beginning in 1839. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). King to answer the charges. [51][52] Although he was sympathetic to the Mormons' plight, Doniphan reminded the Latter Day Saints that the Caldwell County militia could not legally enter Daviess County, and he advised Mormons traveling there to go in small parties and unarmed. . The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. [32][33], William Peniston, a candidate for the state legislature, made disparaging statements about the Mormons, calling them "horse-thieves and robbers",[34] and warned them not to vote in the election. [26][28][29], On July 4, Sidney Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions. The church . [83] Smith and the other leaders rode with Hinkle back to the Missouri militia encampment. 1838 Mormon War. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. My fundamental claim is that the rhetoric of both sides in the 1838 Mormon War exhibited the signature strategies of Innocent III's ideology of anti-heretical crusade. LeSueur, Stephen C. How to Cite: (1989) "The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri", The Annals of Iowa 50 (2-3), 278-280. doi: https://doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.9389 Rights: Copyright 1989 State Historical Society of Iowa. Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. The day has gone by when masses of men can be outlawed, and driven from society to the wilderness, unprotected. [38], The Mormons also visited Sheriff William Morgan and several other leading Daviess County citizens, also forcing some of them to sign statements disavowing any ties to the vigilance committees. We'll get more acquainted with Steve and learn more about his background. [57], Even Missourians who had been friendly to the Mormons were not spared. 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